Language Through Literature

Language Through Literature

1 Literal Versus Metaphorical Meaning

  1. Language and Literature
  2. Literal Versus Metaphorical Meaning
  3. Extension of Meaning
  4. From a Concrete Object to an Abstract Idea
  5. Living (Animal or Human) to Non-Living (Object) and Vice-Versa
  6. Animal to Human and Vice-Versa
  7. Extension of Sensory Perception
  8. Extension by Magnification

2 Extension of Meaning

  1. Multiple Meanings and Extended Meanings Compared
  2. Related Multiple Meanings
  3. A Word Used as Different Parts of Speech
  4. Abstract and Concrete Meanings
  5. Phrasal Verbs
  6. Multiple Meanings of a Word Used as the Same Part of Speech

3 Multiple Meanings

  1. Homonyms: Words Having the Same Sounds and Spellings
  2. Homophones: Words Having the Same Sounds but Different Spellings
  3. Words Having the Same Spellings but Different Sounds
  4. Homonyms Used for Puns
  5. Words with Some Similarity in Sounds and Spellings
  6. Homophones as Different Parts of Speech

4 Study of Literary Texts

  1. M.K. Gandhi: Playing the English Gentleman
  2. Gerard Manley Hopkins: Spring

5 Sound Patterns

  1. Rhythm
  2. Rhyme
  3. Alliteration
  4. Assonance
  5. Onomatopoeia

6 Figures of Speech-1

  1. Simile
  2. Metaphor
  3. Extended Metaphor
  4. Mixed Metaphor
  5. Synecdoche
  6. Metonymy
  7. Personification
  8. Passage for Study: from Mulk Raj Anand: The Lost Child

7 Figures of Speech-2

  1. Irony
  2. The Irony of Situation
  3. Ironic Contrast
  4. Irony in Satire
  5. Paradox
  6. Antithesis

8 Figures of Speech-3

  1. Allegory
  2. Symbol
  3. Imagery
  4. Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s Progress
  5. Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken
  6. Keats: Ode to Autumn

9 Structure Words-1

  1. Structure Words and Content Words
  2. Lexical Meaning and Structural Meaning
  3. Characteristics of Structure Words in Use
  4. Structure Words as Structural Markers
  5. Determiners

10 Structure Words-2 Auxiliaries

  1. Auxiliaries and Main Verbs
  2. Primary Auxiliaries: be, have, do
  3. Modal Auxiliaries and their Meanings
  4. Types of Complex Verb Phrases
  5. Auxiliaries as Operators

11 Structure Words in Discourse-1

  1. What is Cohesion?
  2. Definite Reference
  3. Personal Reference
  4. Demonstrative Reference
  5. Linkage in Discourse

12 Structure Words in Discourse-2

  1. Difference between Reference and Linkage as Cohesive Devices
  2. Additive Relation
  3. Adversative Relation
  4. Causal Relation
  5. Temporal Relation

13 An Introduction to Rhetoric

  1. Examples of Rhetoric
  2. An Appeal to Emotions
  3. Elevation of Style
  4. Organization

14 Structure and Style

  1. Structure
  2. Style
  3. Strategies for Communication
  4. Signals of Communication

15 Use of Repetition

  1. Repetition as a Rhetorical Device
  2. Various Patterns of Repetition
  3. Abraham Lincoln: The Gettysburg Address
  4. Definition of Requests, Offers, and Invitations
  5. Alternative Forms for Requests, Offers, and Invitations

16 Use of Questions

  1. Questions as a Rhetorical Device
  2. Various Types of Questions
  3. Sarojini Naidu: ‘The Battle of Freedom is Over’

17 Doing Things with Language- Politeness

  1. The Principle of Politeness
  2. Communicative Functions that Call for Politeness
  3. Strategies for Politeness
  4. Signals of Politeness
  5. Different Degrees of Politeness